Punakawan in Javanese puppets
Panakawan is a general term for the followers kshatriya the realm of literature Indonesia, particularly in Java. In general, the Panakawan shown in puppet performances, both the puppets, marionettes, puppets or a group of people as a spreader of humor to break the ice. But in addition, the Panakawan also plays an important role as an informal adviser kshatriya who become their care.
Role Punakawan ,punakawan term derived from the word pana which means "understanding" and a companion which means "friend". That is, the Panakawan not merely a servant or a regular follower, but they also understand what befell their employer. Often they act as the advisor of their employer.
The most typical case of existence as a group spreader Panakawan is humor in the middle of the fabric of the story. Behavior and their speech almost always invite laughter. Aside from being an entertainer and advisers, sometimes they also act as helpers when their employers suffer hardship. For example, When Bimasena overwhelmed Shakuni Baratayuda war, Semar appears telling point Shakuni weakness.
In a conversation between the Panakawan not uncommon language and terminology that they use is a modern term that is not in accordance with his time. But it seemed to have become the norm and not disputed. For example, in the staging puppet Petruk character claimed to have a car or mobile phone, even though both of these objects would not exist at the time of the puppet.
History Panakawan puppet performances almost always peppered with amusing the Panakawan behavior. In general, the story is staged sourced from the Mahabharata and Ramayana manuscripts originating from India. However, in both these texts did not found any Panakawan figures. This is because Panakawan a local element creation of Java poet himself.
According to historian Slamet Muljana, Panakawan character first appeared in literature essay entitled Ghatotkacasraya MPU Panuluh Kadiri Kingdom era. This text tells of aid Ghatotkacha against his cousin, namely Abhimanyu who tried to marry the daughter of Sri Krishna Ksitisundari.
Narrated Abhimanyu had three Panakawan named:
- Jurudyah
- Punta
- Prasanta
All three are regarded as the first in the history of literature Panakawan Java. In the story of the role of all three is still not much, as if just as a regular follower.
The next Panakawan Semar, which appeared in the literature titled Sudamala of Majapahit Kingdom era. In this manuscript, Semar more active role than the third Panakawan above. In later times, to maintain a link between the two groups Panakawan, the mastermind behind the puppet performances often call Jurudyah Puntaprasanta as one another nickname for Semar
Gara-Gara ,The mastermind in every part of the mid-puppet performances, almost always tells the incident only because that is a state in which a major disaster befall the earth. Among others, volcanic eruptions, floods, earthquakes, even rampant corruption. Long-short and the beauty of the spoken grammar to describe the situation because there is no fixed standard, because everything is back on the creative mastermind behind each.
The mastermind then relates that after the turbulence ends, the Panakawan appeared with a happy expression, spread humor and joking. It is a symbol that after the occurrence of a disorder or unrest that hit the country, it is expected that the little people are the first to benefit, not vice versa.
Due to a misunderstanding, because the term is today considered as the time of appearance of the Panakawan. Because regarded as the mastermind of time to pause the story that is being staged, and replace it with a grain of music and entertainment for the audience.
In the Name list Panakawan puppet performances, both the style of Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Sundanese, Javanese or easterlies, Semar can certainly always there, though with a different partner.
Central Javanese wayang style featuring four people Panakawan kesatriya groups, namely Semar with her three children, namely Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong. There are also giant Panakawan groups, namely Togog and Bilung.
In the reign of the first king of the Sultanate of Mataram Amangkurat years 1645-1677, the art of puppetry was split into two, namely the pro-Dutch group, and a group of anti-Dutch. The first group Bagong erase character as unwelcome Netherlands, while the second group to defend it.
In staging puppet show Sundanese style, three children Semar have another order in Central Java. The Panakawan version of Sundanese named Semar, Cepot, Dawala, and Gareng. Meanwhile East Javanese wayang style call partner Semar only Bagong only, and Bagong child named Besut.
In Balinese wayang, Panakawan figures for kshatriya class named Twalen and Merdah, while the followers of the evil group called Delem and Sangut.
In staging Panakawan Ketoprak also known existence, but their names are not sure, depending screenwriter respectively. Nevertheless, there are two pairs of Panakawan whose name sduah determined for two specific groups as well. They are Bancak and Doyok for Panji stories, and Sabdapalon and Nayagenggong for stories Damarwulan and UB.
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